On World TB Day, the fight against TB and Air Pollution takes centre stage, as these interconnected health threats continue to impact communities in Nairobi, Kenya. The theme for 2025, “Yes! We Can End TB: Commit, Invest, Deliver,” emphasises the need for collective action, financial investment, and effective delivery of interventions to combat tuberculosis. Air pollution in Nairobi further complicates this challenge by another significant health threat: air pollution. 

Nairobi, like many urban centres in Africa, faces a persistently high prevalence of TB. Recent surveys have shown that despite efforts to combat the disease, TB prevalence has remained unchanged over the past seven years. TB is a major public health concern, exacerbated by factors such as poverty, overcrowding, and poor healthcare access.

Air Pollution in Nairobi

Air pollution is a health risk in Nairobi. High levels of particulate matter (PM2.5) compromise the city’s air quality. These are primarily from vehicular emissions, improper waste management and industrial activities. This pollution not only contributes to respiratory issues but also exacerbates existing conditions like TB. In 2019, 2,500 premature deaths in Nairobi were  linked to air pollution , highlighting its severe health implications.

The Intersection of TB and Air Pollution

The relationship between TB and air pollution is complex. Air pollution can weaken the lungs, making individuals more susceptible to TB infections. Furthermore, poor air quality can complicate TB treatment by worsening respiratory symptoms and potentially increasing the risk of drug-resistant TB. In densely populated areas like Nairobi’s informal settlements, where air pollution is often more severe, the risk of TB transmission is heightened due to overcrowding and poor ventilation.

Addressing TB and Air Pollution in Nairobi

To effectively combat TB in Nairobi, it is essential to address both the disease itself and the environmental factors that exacerbate it. Here are some strategies that can be employed:

• Commitment to TB Control: Strengthening TB programs through improved diagnosis, treatment, and preventive measures is crucial. This includes increasing access to TB care in underserved communities and promoting awareness about the disease.

• Investment in Clean Air Initiatives: Implementing policies to reduce air pollution, such as stricter emissions standards for vehicles and promoting cleaner energy sources, can help mitigate the environmental factors that contribute to tuberculosis.

• Delivery of Integrated Health Services: Providing comprehensive healthcare services that address both TB and air pollution-related health issues can improve outcomes. This includes community-based interventions that educate residents about the risks of air pollution and TB, as well as programs that support those affected by both.

Conclusion

As we strive to end TB, it is critical to address the broader environmental challenges that exacerbate the disease. Solving the air pollution crisis in Kenya is not only a moral imperative but also a strategic step towards improving public health. 

Cleaner air means stronger lungs, which are better equipped to resist TB infections. Moreover, reducing air pollution can alleviate the burden on healthcare systems by decreasing respiratory illnesses, allowing for more focused efforts on TB diagnosis and treatment.

Ultimately, tackling air pollution is a crucial component of a comprehensive strategy to reduce tuberculosis infections and surges in Nairobi. By committing to cleaner air, we commit to a future where TB is less prevalent and more manageable.

 Join the conversation on social media using #BreatheNairobi, #BreathingLifeIntoOurCity and #CleanAir4Nairobi.